Human Resource Planning Strategic Human Resources Planning

Question #1: Define and explain the significance of the term ‘derived demand’ as it applies to Strategic Human Resources Planning. (5 marks) The term ‘derived demand’ is used to describes how the changes in demand for one product could either increase or decrease the demand for another product. An example of this occurring could be within the automotive industry. If the demand of vehicles increase so does the raw materials to make them and vice versa. This happens because the demand of vehicles derives the demand of all the raw materials to increase. Derived demand can also apply to strategic human resource planning, more specifically towards the supply and demand of labor. Strategic human resource planning is very important to an organization because it handles a variety of key aspects, such as giving employees opportunities to improve and achieve success. It can also help improve organizational goals and tasks. 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The Judicial Branch Of The United States - 1376 Words

Within the United States government exists the Judicial Branch. The Judicial Branch is responsible for explaining the laws that are created and determining whether or not they are constitutional. The Judicial Branch has the power to punish violators of these laws based on the severity of the crime. Matching a punishment to the crime is not as easy task. An issue within the Judicial Branch, and the United States as a whole, is the overcrowding of the prisons caused by high mandatory sentencing and a poor recidivism rate. On top of the already listed issues, the price to house an inmate is large and is a huge burden on the taxed citizens of America. The prison population in the United States has grown incredibly over the last half century. According to BBC (2015), the United States leads the world in total prison population and prisoners per 100,000 citizens, while being second in percentage of female prisoners and eighth in jail occupancy percentage. This perfect storm of proble ms creates a society with an over-incarcerated population being sentenced to terms in overcrowded prisons. Laura Glaze (2014), of the Bureau of Federal Statistics, lists the total population of people in America under some form of court mandated supervision at just below seven million people. At the end of 2014, one out of every thirty-five adults were under correctional supervision. Since 2000, the incarcerated population has grown by just under 300,000, or 14%. According to Nathan James,Show MoreRelatedThe Judicial Branch Of The United States Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States government consists of three main branches: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. Within the contents of this essay, the judicial branch will be examined. 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Operations Management Auckland Transports

Question: Discuss about theOperations Managementfor Auckland Transports. Answer: Introduction The motive of the present discourse is to make fruitful answers of several distinct questions associated with the Auckland Transports (AT) decision to give license to a convenient provider of coffee in future. In this respect, the aspects, which would be elaborated, include identification of five major factors for reaching an apt decision regarding the location of the coffee service. Additionally, the elaboration include analysis of the probable negative and positive sides of the simulated coffee catering service and using different external suppliers for this individual purpose. Nevertheless, a recommendation is going to be prepared for having a cohesive understanding about whether the selected organization Johnny wray would prove successful for AT or not. Examining Five Key Factors Important in Deciding the Location of Coffee Service According to the decided project of City Rail Link, there would be an extension of the passenger rail line and procuring new stations at locations like Aotea Square and the road of Karangahape. For this decided purpose there will be built a long tunnel of 3.4 km under the streets of city centre (at.govt.nz, 2016). Keeping in consideration of the proposed project, factors those catch the eyes for deciding a perfect location for coffee catering are accessibility of the customer, supply availabilities in terms of power and water, options for resupply, flow capacity and costs. Information regarding customers or probable passengers of three of the proposed stations is a potential factor to evaluate prior to decide a suitable location for coffee catering. As per the information broadcasted in the project of City Rail Link (CRL), the supposed program will successfully allow a minimum of 30,000 of people in each hour of peak. Therefore, it is understandable that there will be lack of shortage for target market. Supply availabilities of water and power is an essential aspect to give priority before moving to decide a convenient location as the CRL already has the vision for using the renewable power resources (Strang, 2014). In terms of using renewable resources, Auckland is enriched with water resources like groundwater and river resources (Salmond, 2014). On the other hand, the place enjoys both a wide range of power supplies in terms of both renewable and non-renewable resources (watercare.co.nz, 2016). Cost for the entire planning is another facet that should be taken into concern. It is because the location for the catering will be placed in a location which itself is going to be constructed. Therefore, the estimated cost for setting up the site will be critical to decide. Along with these premises, two more factors to be prioritized are options for resupply and flow capacity of the trains. As both of the options for locations will be newly constructed, there should be occasional shortage of power supplies. On the other side, flow capacity of the trains and their frequency is a considerable factor too (at.govt.nz, 2016). It is fortunate that the new project of CRL will raise the frequency of the trains and will allow pick up facility in every ten minutes. Analyzing the Positive and Negative Sides of Providing own Catering Service The possible sides for providing catering services include - The internalize profit margin would be high as per the decision to extend the business ventures from transport to catering. There will be abandoned of customers as per the frequency of the trains and advanced pick up facility, therefore it will be easy to attract more customers AT may find it cheap to establish the business as per the abundance of power resources and customer accessibility. On the contrary, AT would have to face problems regarding AT does not have a good experience in catering service as it serves as the transport service. It would prove difficult to acquire convenient suppliers because as a new entrant the bargaining power of the giant suppliers will be too high to afford. Additionally, there will be chances for internalization risks as per lack of experiences to gain proper workforce resources and relevant management system. Identification of the positive and negative sides of using different external suppliers If the decision will choose the different external providers in terms of supply then there will be both positive and negative circumstances related to this. Positive Premises The company will have the opportunity to switch suppliers anytime if requirements are not met. There will be less scarcity for acquiring raw material. The bargaining power will be stable based on which the enterprise have the scope to have more options. There will be chance for convenient product development because of easy access of resources (Wisner et al., 2014). Negative Ones It would be difficult to have a well-managed supply system as with too many suppliers there will be too many suppliers requirement which for a start up business is hard to manage (Christopher, 2016). There will be lack of chances for building a strong supplier-buyer relationship as it would be difficult to decide which particular one should would to reliable. Recommendation for Deciding /Partnership with Johnny Wray Johnny wray is considered as one of the leading enterprise for providing convenient coffee services to events by having mobile carts and kiosks of coffee. The most interesting part of the companys business operation is they provide their service in relatively less time and the quality of their supplied coffee is considerably rich. On the other hand, it seems that Johnny wray has barista staffs and facility of stand-alone kiosks, which hold the capability to serve near about 50,000 guests (johnnywrays.co.nz, 2016). Furthermore, the coffee kiosks and mobile carts provided by the enterprise can be customized according to the different requirements of events. Most fortunately, the company has their own stand-alone generators for and their coffee carts generally consume less power. Therefore, it can be recommended that AT should hire Johnny wray for their proposed venture as Johnny wray has self-contained facility like having their own stand-alone generators for power supply. If AT prefers to make partnership with Johnny wray, it would be possible to gain quality performance, as the enterprise is known for giving high quality beverage. Most importantly AT would have to pay less cost for power supply as Johnny wray has their own device for power supply and the business venture would be scalable as Johnny wray has records to work under pressure and heavy demand. On the other hand, Johnny wray has the ability to work flexibly in any kind of environment as they sell their products through mobile carts in place of vans. These carts and Kiosks are designed to be customized as per different requirements. Sustainability Issues and the Way Johnny Ray Manage them Most frequent issues faced by Johnny wray in terms of sustainability are to recycle their cups and coffee wastes. Being an innovative coffee service supplier, the company possesses several strong tactics to mitigate sustainability issues. To reduce wastage of cups, the organization only carry an estimate number of cups according to their estimated number of guest based on any event. The organization prefers to use double wall and paper made cups with eye catchy design, which are easily disposable. To reduce issues regarding power, they carry their own generator that is designed to consume less power as their coffee beans are slow roasted. Conclusion Considering all the recommendations and assumptions regarding the proposed business venture, it can be concluded that two of the stations would be preferable location to place the coffee catering service. It is because both of the stations will have considerable frequency of trains and a huge amount of passengers. Most important to note that partnership with Johnny wray will be a fruitful idea as the company uses location friendly coffee kiosks and mobility carts with a personalized power generator. Moreover, the enterprise uses double wall and paper made cups to avoid sustainability issues. References Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. City Rail Link. (2016). Retrieved 26 October 2016, from https://at.govt.nz/projects-roadworks/city-rail-link/ Johnny Wray's. The Corporate Coffee Experts. (2016). Johnnywrays.co.nz. Retrieved 26 October 2016, from https://www.johnnywrays.co.nz/ Salmond, A. (2014). Tears of Rangi: Water, power, and people in New Zealand. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 4(3), 285-309. Strang, V. (2014). The Taniwha and the Crown: defending water rights in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 1(1), 121-131. Water Sources. (2016). Retrieved 26 October 2016, from https://www.watercare.co.nz/about-watercare/our-services/water-sources/Pages/default.aspx Wisner, J. D., Tan, K. C., Leong, G. K. (2014). Principles of supply chain management: a balanced approach. Cengage Learning.

Teenage Pregnancy Essay Essay Example

Teenage Pregnancy Essay Essay Statisticss from the Malaysia Welfare Department for this twelvemonth. from January to April 2010. reported that 111 single immature misss were pregnant. The figure. nevertheless. is merely the tip of the iceberg as many instances go unreported and gestations terminated. It besides reported in New Straits Times on 23rd July 2010. the organic structure of a babe miss found in a bag at a coach halt near the Sultan Ismail Hospital. Johor Bahru in the forenoon. Besides there a babe found buried. New Straits Times on 18th July 2010. reported that a foetus was found buried by the wayside in Jalan 12. Bandar Puteri Puchong. Selangor. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Pregnancy Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Pregnancy Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Pregnancy Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Baby dumping is non the solution to a life job and it could be charged under Section 317 of the Penal Code which carries a maximal jail term of seven old ages or mulct or both harmonizing to the Malayan jurisprudence. For the past few old ages there are many newborn babes have been found. dead or unrecorded in the most improbable topographic points like rubbish shit. For case. The Malay Mail on 26 July 2011 [ 5 ] reported that a foetus with the umbilical cord intact was found in a refuse can at Pulau Mutiara sweeping market in Jalan Makloom. Penang. This shows clearly that â€Å"baby dumping† is truly serious job that presently happened in our society. Based on Table 1. the statistic from the Headquarters of Royal Malaysia Police ( PDRM ) [ 6 ] indicated that there were 407 instances of babe dumping. for the past five old ages get downing from 2005 until 7th April 2010. On norm. there are 68 instances every twelvemonth and these instances keep increasing. While in Figure 1. 2. 1. it shows that. there are 472 babes found dumped nationally since 2005 until 16th August 2010. In twelvemonth 2010 entirely. it already recorded 65 instances up to 16 August 2010. That is means mean 8 instances per month entirely in twelvemonth 2010 and this figure is non included the instances that non reported. Harmonizing to Federal Criminal Investigation Department ( CID ) Director Commissioner Datuk Seri Bakri Zinin. this twelvemonth entirely ( 2010 ) . as at 16 August 2010. 65 dumped babes had been. As compared to 42 instances during the same period last twelvemonth ( 2009 ) . there is an addition in these instances [ 7 ] . Recently. the Cabinet besides informed that there were 21 recorded instances of pupils who got pregnant out of marriage between 2006 and 2010. Then. what about the unreported and live instances? Public belief that the figure more than what we can conceive of. After all the flooring incidents proven by the informations produced by PDRM and Welfare Department. we found a strong base to make this survey. 3. Methods A ; Material A simple random trying technique was conducted among 400 pupils ( out of entire 7535 pupils ) from Form One until Form Six ( Upper Six ) in secondary schools at the country of Bakar Arang State Assembly under Sungai Petani Parliamentary. Kedah. The schools involved were Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan 138 Ibrahim. Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Sungai Pasir. Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Khir Johari and Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Bandar Sungai Petani in Sungai Petani. Kedah. The information was analyzed utilizing Statistical Package for the Social Science ( SPSS ) in acquiring descriptive statistic and correlativity. 4. Results A ; Discussion 4. 1. Profile of Respondents Out of 400 respondents. there were 183 ( 45. 75 % ) male respondents and 217 ( 54. 25 % ) female respondents. This determination showed the dominant of female respondents in this survey. Sing the age group. the respondents were in the age of 13 old ages old ( 18 pupils or 4. 50 % ) . followed by 14 old ages old ( 51 pupils or 12. 75 % ) . 15 old ages old ( 44 pupils or 11. 00 % ) . 16 old ages old ( 97 pupils or 24. 25 % ) . 17 old ages old ( 94 pupils or 23. 50 % ) and in conclusion 18 old ages old and above which is 96 pupils or 24. 00 % . The highest respondents in this survey was 16 old ages old. followed by 18 old ages old. 17 old ages old. 14 old ages old. 15 old ages old and the lowest respondents were 13 old ages old. The race of respondents in this survey consist of three major races in Malaysia which is Malay. Chinese. and Indian and the balance was other races. From the determination. it can be concluded that the highest race in this survey was Malay. which consist of 242 pupils ( 60. 5 % ) . followed by Chinese. 75 pupils ( 18. 75 % ) . Indian 67students ( 16. 75 % ) and the lowest was other races which consist 16 pupils ( 4. 00 % ) . 4. 2. Consequence of Findingss H1: There is a important relationship between consciousness towards effects of free sex and babe dumping issue from the secondary school students’ position. Table 2. Awareness on effects of free sex towards a position of babe dumping issue Awareness towards effects of free sex Baby Dumping Pearson Correlation 0. 396**Sig. ( 2-tailed ) 0. 000N 400 ** . Correlation is important at the 0. 01 degree ( 2-tailed ) . There was a important relationship between consciousness towards effects of free sex and a position of babe dumping issue from the secondary school students’ position whereas P =0. 000 and r = 0. 396. Significant degree is P lt ; 0. 05 ( P = 0. 000 ) . So. the research worker accepts the H1. This means. the consciousness towards effects of free sex has an influence towards position of the babe dumping issue. This determination was besides supported by APWLD Annual Report 2010 [ 9 ] . H2: There is a important relationship between cognition on sex instruction and babe dumping issue from the secondary school students’ position. Table 3: Cognition on sex instruction towards a position of babe dumping issue.Knowledge on sex instructionBaby Dumping Pearson Correlation 0. 445**Sig. ( 2-tailed ) 0. 000N 400 ** . Correlation is important at the 0. 01 degree ( 2-tailed ) . There was a important relationship between cognition on sex instruction and position of the babe dumping issue from the secondary school students’ position whereas P = 0. 000 and r = 0. 445. Significant degree is P lt ; 0. 05 ( P = 0. 000 ) . So. the research worker accepts H2. This means. the respondents agreed that cognition on sex instruction is of import in order to forestall or cut down the figure of babe dumping that happen in Malaysia. Besides that. most of the respondent agreed 139 that by larning sex instruction. adolescents will be more full-blown and responsible to themselves and holding cognition on sex instruction is of import to forestall free sex among adolescents. H3: There is a important relationship between spiritual belief and babe dumping issue from the secondary school students’ position. Table 4. Religious belief and a position of the babe dumping issue.Religious BeliefBaby Dumping Pearson Correlation 0. 386**Sig. ( 2-tailed ) 0. 000N 400 ** . Correlation is important at the 0. 01 degree ( 2-tailed ) . There was a important relationship between spiritual belief and a position of babe dumping issue from the secondary school students’ position whereas P = 0. 000 and r = 0. 386. Significant degree is P lt ; 0. 05 ( P = 0. 000 ) . So. the research worker accepts H3. Religious belief besides plays an of import function in order to forestall babe dumping that addition from clip to clip. Other than that. most of respondents besides agreed that spiritual belief demand to use in their day-to-day life activity. This determination was besides supported by the Azmi ( 2010 ) [ 1 ] and Coleman A ; Testa ( 2007 ) [ 8 ] . 5. Decision As a decision. consciousness towards effects of free sex. cognition on sex instruction and spiritual belief showed the important relationships with the babe dumping issues in our state. Most of the respondents agreed that these three variables have a important impact on babe dumping instances. It is of import for the adolescents to understand the effects of free sex so that they can forestall the unwanted gestation at the immature age. Besides that. the cognition on sex instruction is of import to guarantee the adolescents have a better understanding about their organic structure so that they will non easy affect in free sex which can take to the babe dumping. On top of that. the of import of spiritual belief and patterns besides play a critical map. Every faith has lay down and learn about the Department of State and don’ts. about the wickedness and wages. and all faith prohibited the act of free sex. In order to forestall it. the authorities. schools. parents and adolescents should take necessary actions to halt this babe dumping issue from going worst. 6. Recommendation In order to get by with this babe dumping instances. authorities should come out with several policies and programmes. First of all. the authorities may integrate sex instruction in school course of study as portion of a holistic attack to undertake babe dumping instances. This attack is needed in order to supply consciousness and better apprehension of generative system and wellness at school degree. Besides that. the authorities besides can reconstitute or add the course of study in certain capable such as â€Å"Pendidikan Islam† or â€Å"Pendidikan Moral† in order to make consciousness and highlighted the effects of societal jobs like free sex and babe dumping. The authorities besides should advance Islam as a manner of life particularly to the Muslim young person as we can see today ; most of the people who involved in babe dumping were Muslims. Islamic bookmans and Ulama’ must take this duty to explicate to the community about Islam. However. it is of import for the spiritual individuals to utilize suited method harmonizing to mark group in executing this undertaking. The authorities besides can convey the Ulama’ or others spiritual individual from other faith to give talk to the adolescents based on their belief particularly when there is a plan for adolescents every bit good as when there is a national run to control with this sort of societal job. Drastic measure by the authorities in categorising babe dumping as a condemnable amounting to slay if it meets with all the legal specifications is besides can be introduced. The authorities can give another opportunity to the guilty parents if their babe is found alive but if the babe is found dead. the guilty parents need to be penalized under this condemnable act. 140 Government besides can assist to control this jobs by exterminate adult stuffs from cyberspace and electronic multimedia. These adult stuffs besides one of the biggest factors that can lend to the babe dumping issues because it will act upon adolescents to make bad things. It is besides recommended that the authorities come out with new regulation to curtail the adolescents below 18 old ages old to check-in hotel or motel without parents or guardian. This regulation will able to cut down free sex among the adolescents. Besides authorities. parents besides should actively play their function in get bying with this issue. For case. they should discourse â€Å"openly† about sex and things related to it with their childs. Even though this subject still â€Å"taboo† in certain civilization but it will forestall adolescents to acquire incorrect information about sex from incorrect beginnings. Weak household ties besides one of the lending factors in the lifting instances of baby-dumping. It is a signal to all the parents non to concentrate and occupy with their plants and forgets to pass clip with their kids. As caring parents. we should embrace. snog. love and give more attending to our kids before other individuals do it for them. 7. Recognitions Our sincere thanks goes to our co-workers in UiTM Kedah. Malaysia for whom we have great respect. and we wish to widen our warmest thanks to all those who have helped us with the creative activity of this paper particularly to Abdullah Fathi Muslim. Izzatul Nadiah Isa. Noor Atiqah Idris. Nurul Farakhin Zahrin and Nurzawani Abd Salam. 8. Mentions[ 1 ] Dali. A. ( 2010 ) . â€Å"Gejala buang bayi meningkat† . Kosmo. 17 August. pp. 6. [ 2 ] New Straits Times ( 2010 ) . â€Å"Eight held over merchandising of babies† available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. highbeam. com/doc/1P1- 188506529. hypertext markup language ( accessed 26 July 2011 ) [ 3 ] New Straits Times ( 2010 ) . â€Å"Foetus found buried by roadside† available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nst. com. my/nst/articles/27jani/Article ( accessed 26 November 2010 ) [ 4 ] New Straits Times ( 2010 ) . â€Å"Newborn found in fictile bag† . available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nst. com. my/nst/articles/28sarr/Article/index_html ( accessed 26 November 2010 ) [ 5 ] The Malay Mail ( 2011 ) . â€Å"Foetus of male child found in refuse can† . available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. mmail. com. my/content/45796-foetus-boy-found-garbage-can ( accessed 26 July 2011 ) [ 6 ] PDRM ( 2010 ) â€Å"Baby Dumping Statistic† available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. rmp. gov. my ( accessed 26 November 2010 ) [ 7 ] The Star ( 2010 ) . â€Å"CID Chief: 472 babes found dumped since 2005† . available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //thestarmobile. com/jsp/news/viewNews. jsp? newsID=151204 A ; catID=19 ( access ed 16 August 2010 ) [ 8 ] Coleman. L. M. and Testa. A. ( 2007 ) . â€Å"Preferences towards sex instruction and information from an ethnically diverse sample of immature people† . Sexual activity Education. Vol. 7 No. 3. pp. 293-307. [ 9 ] Asia Pacific Forum on Women. Law and Development ( APWLD ) Annual Report 2010. 141

Motivation and Means of Colonization essays

Motivation and Means of Colonization essays With the dawn of the 16th century, there came together in Europe both the motivation and the means to explore and Colonize territory across the sea It is true; in the beginning and throughout the 16th century, the time for Europeans to explore the vast unknown territory outside of their realm was ripe. Until this time, the people of many European nations had not developed the means or the motivation for the dangerous, risky, and costly expeditions. However, with an age of new thinking, known as the Renaissance, impacting the thinking of society, people were able to collaborate and begin the adventure of discovery. People had many different reasons for attempting the voyage across the ocean. Firstly, vast improvements in technology enabled people to travel on fast, light ships that could move swiftly and predictably. The invention of the compass allowed for accurate landings on the new shore; and once they were on dry land, gunpowder was used to subdue, or impress, the natives. One impression that the Europeans left on the Americas was one of power and greed. For many centuries, trade was the backbone of the European economy. By expanding the trade route into the New World, more money would be brought into the respective country, thereby improving society, and economy. Also, the competition for the trade routes was fierce, so that anyone with a controlled, private route would have the upper hand in trading. In fact, Christopher Columbus was actually searching for an alternate route to Asia when he stumbled across America. The effect of the conquistadors on Americas native tribes was destructive, yet gone unnoticed by their relentless search for treasure. Not everyone who braved the journey to America went in search of lost cities and fountains of youth. Many religious conflicts were taking shape throughout Europe, and for those who wished to escape persecution, a journey into an unknown land ...

Change Management of People Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Change Management of People - Case Study Example Thus, from this point of view use of 3rd party option would provide them high level of software development expertise and application domain expertise. Though, they are from outside of the company they lacked the local company related knowledge. 2.0 Major Problems Encountered During the Selection and Implementation Phases of the Project Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system at present situation is in huge demand by both manufacturing as well as service organizations since they provide a strong integrated result to the information system as organization needs. With ERP package an employee can be able to run their company with a single system which can incorporate the whole business process and can make an enterprise-wide view of major corporate information. ERP software is a set of functions that connect various systems in an organization such as manufacturing, sales force, human resources, financial, data warehousing and document management. It also helps the organizations to han dle task which may include order processing along with production scheduling. Companies experience huge challenges and problems at selection as well as implementation of the all stages of ERP system life cycle (Almahdi, â€Å"Introduction†). The Chief Executive Officer of Power IT decided to implement ERP system in the organization by purchasing it from the third party vendor. The staffs were not able to develop such software due to lack of domain knowledge. Thus, through tendering process the software was acquired. For the selection process the CEO, financial director and business development manager need to undergo various selection processes. An invitation was sent to the potential stakeholder by the business development manager. The tender was then reviewed properly by comparing it to the major requirements of the system and three vendors were selected. They again made presentation about the product to Power IT and desired vendors got the contract. The process of implemen ting the software throughout the organization was discussed with the vendor. Regardless of the major benefits that ERP software packages provide in incorporating and managing multi-functional procedures of business, there are several problems and barriers that can be related to such an implementation. The most important challenge is to amalgamate existing legacy method and function with the ERP system in an attempt to provide a common interface. Moreover, implementation of ERP systems is intricate, challenging, high-priced project and time consuming for every organization. The difficulties of ERP implementation assist to plan in a better way and facilitate more successful ERP implementation. The different barriers that can be raised during implementation of ERP system are organizational, technical and managerial barrier (Almahdi, â€Å"Barriers and Difficulties of ERP Implementation†). 3.0 Problems Encountered After Implementation ERP system was implemented in order to fulfil l the requirements of the business. However, after eight months of using this system it was found that the system was not performing well and it was not meeting the business

Critically analyse the claim of labour process theory Essay

Critically analyse the claim of labour process theory - Essay Example The project makes an analysis of the theory in depth and the views of researchers and practitioners regarding the fundamental and inherent conflicts of interests between employers and employees at the workplace. In this context, the key elements of local management systems and controls are analyzed and the way they impact on different sections of the working class which hold skills and expertise which are not reproducible through machines or unskilled labor (O’Doherty & Willmott, 2002, p.2). Labor Process Theory The Labor Process Theory considers how individuals work, which people control their work activities, skills which they use for working and the way they are paid for their services. According to the views of Braverman, who was an industrial worker for a long part of his life in America, management steals the skills of workers in capitalist societies. In this was they act in the way of reducing the pleasurable character of work and the power that workers possess. They al so reduce the wages of skilled workers to the level of wages of unskilled workers and at the same time increase the exertion on them too. The radical writers have been critical of the pluralist preoccupation with regards to the regulation of conflicts. They have focused more on how conflicts were contained and controlled, while the pluralists tried to divert attention towards the more fundamental issues of why conflicts generated at the workplace. In this regard, Hyman (1979) have believed that the existing structure of control and ownership in the industry were inevitable sources of conflict were dismissed as being external to the context of industrial relations. The radicals believed that undue emphasis was provided to the employers, trade unions and other institutions for coping with such conflicts and for identifying process which could be incorporated for maintaining industrial stability. Greater attention towards power is the main notion of radical writers as compared to the p luralist thoughts. This is not surprising as the pluralists have emphasized more on the resolution of conflicts and procedural reforms. On the other hand radicals see the power imbalance within society and also at the workplace being central to the characteristic of employment relations. At the workplace people who have ownership of the means of production enjoys power superiority over those who sell their labor in return of wages. This is highly demonstrated through the substantial inequality in the distribution of rewards at the workplace. Also the limitations of labor in the market is reinforced through the creation of social norms, beliefs and values which sustain the prevailing power distribution within the industry and inhibit the growth of political consciousness of the working class. Critical Analysis of the Labor Process Theory The Labor Process Theory is opened to broad sociological debates associated with the action structure dualism. While the orthodox school of thought tends to reassert the economic and structuralist features of Marxism, the deconstructionist or anti-realist position abandons the analysis which has been conventionally been oriented towards polarities of agencies and structures. Researchers have thrown insight into offering of instructive ways of understanding how subjectivity is implicated in the reproduction and accomplishment of the capitalist employment relati