The Prevalence Of Tommy John Surgery - 830 Words

The prevalence of Tommy John surgery, reconstruction of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament in the elbow, in Major League Baseball pitchers has been growing significantly over the past fifteen years. This injury results from overuse of the elbow joints as a result of thousands of pitches over many years. According to Liu et al, â€Å"an overall increase occurred in the number of UCL reconstructions performed on MLB pitchers from 1999 to 2014.† No more than fourteen MLB pitchers underwent surgery in any one year between 1999 and 2005, but seven of the next nine years has seen the number surpass this mark, culminating in highs of 35 surgeries in 2012 and 30 in 2014. They also found a revision rate of 13.2% over the same time period, meaning that roughly one in eight pitchers who undergo Tommy John surgery once will likely require it at least one more time in their career. Furthermore, the total number of revisions from 2012 to 2014 (21) exceeds the total number of revisions from 2003 to 2011 (20) with no signs of this trend slowing down. This is significant because while receiving Tommy John Surgery once is not necessarily career-threatening like it once was, receiving it more than once is far more likely to be so. According to doctors at Henry Ford Hospital, among pitchers who received the surgery more than once, only 65% returned to the MLB in any capacity and none of those pitchers were pitching more than three years after coming back (Verducci, Sports Illustrated). While the rate ofShow MoreRelatedEstee Lauder Inc.9371 Words   |  38 Pagesadd color and cover skin imperfections. Buyers wanted products to contain ingredients such as sunscreens and emollients to nourish and protect their skin. * Growing popularity of cosmetic surgery: Beauty consumers are increasingly taking refuge in new technologies such as advanced dermatology, cosmetic surgery, hair and organ transplant and other treatments to enhance their beauty. This could reduce dependence on traditional beauty aids. | Technological | * Utilization of information systemsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesmarketing and sales staff. More than one hundred instructors reviewed parts or all of Organizational Behavior, Fifteenth Edition. Their comments, compliments, and suggestions have significantly improved the final product. The authors wish to thank John D. Kammeyer-Mueller of the University of Florida for help with several key aspects of this revision. The authors would also like to extend their sincerest thanks to the following instructors: Lee Boam, University of Utah Andres Johnson, Santa ClaraRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesResource Management Tenth Edition David A. DeCenzo Coastal Carolina University Conway, SC Stephen P. Robbins San Diego State University San Diego, CA Tenth Edition Contributor Susan L. Verhulst Des Moines Area Community College Ankeny, IA John Wiley Sons, Inc. Associate Publisher Executive Editor Senior Editoral Assistant Marketing Manager Marketing Assistant Production Manager Senior Production Editor Freelance Development Editor Senior Designer Interior Design Senior Media Editor